AP Chemistry – Class 58

Hybridization

Dates

• Period E  – Wednesday, January 23rd
• Period F – Wednesday, January 23rd

Big Idea: Where are the bonding electrons?

Limitations of atomic orbitals

• geometry of s, p, d, f orbitals?
• geometry of molecules?
• compare – do they match? no!
• need a different system

Bonding Orbitals

• explains location of electrons in a bonding situation
• think of as blending atomic orbitals
• perimeter atoms don’t hybridize

What about multiple bonds?

• must match geometry with hybridized orbitals
• count multiple as bonding area
• extra bonds use left over, unhybridized, “p” orbitals

Overlap

• along axis = sigma
• parallel to axis = pi

Examples from Lab

Homework

• Assign hybridization to all atoms for the examples used during the lab.

Images Used During Class

sp3 Hybridization

sp Hybridization

sp2 Hybridization

Sigma and Pi Bonding